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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Papal election, 1181 ： ウィキペディア英語版 Papal election, 1181 The papal election of 1181 followed the death of Pope Alexander III and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius III. This was the first papal election celebrated in accordance with the decree ''Licet de evitanda discordia'', promulgated in the Third Lateran Council in 1179, which established that the pope is elected by the majority of two thirds votes. ==''Licet de evitanda discordia''== The double papal election, 1159 which resulted in the election of Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164), created a schism in the Catholic Church that lasted almost twenty years (until 1178). The schism was a result of the rules concerning the papal elections, which required the unanimity among the electors for the valid election. In 1159 the cardinals were unable to achieve compromise and divided into two parties, and each of them elected their own pope. In August 1178 Antipope Callixtus III, the successor of Victor IV, finally submitted to Alexander III.〔Antipope Innocent III, elected in September 1179 and deposed in January 1180, was of little importance; cf. Jaffé, p. 431〕 In the following year Alexander III celebrated the Third Lateran Council, which promulgated the decree ''Licet de evitanda discordia''. To avoid the schism in the future the decree established, that the pope is elected with the majority of two thirds, if the unanimity can not be achieved.〔Robinson, pp. 84-85〕 It confirmed also that the cardinals are the sole electors of the pope.〔Robinson, pp. 40-41〕 Both these rules are still in force today. The decree ''Licet de evitanda discordia'' was very successful – from 1179 there was no antipope for almost 150 years (until 1328).〔(The Catholic Encyclopedia. List of the popes )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Papal election, 1181」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.